Смена сит и фильтрация расплава: выбор концепции фильтрации

What filtration is for

Washing removes contamination from the surface of the material. It does not remove everything, and some of what remains — paper fibre, fine sand, residual label fragments, cross-linked gel — travels with the melt. Filtration is the stage that stops it.

The design question is not "which filter is best" but "what does this contamination require, and what will the process tolerate to remove it".

The two variables that decide the concept

Contamination type and level. Paper and fibre blind a screen quickly. Hard inorganic particles (sand, glass) do not blind as fast but wear the screen and the pump. Cross-linked gel and unmelted particles are the hardest to remove and often dictate a finer screen than the visible contamination would suggest.

Allowable pressure drop. Every screen costs pressure. Higher pressure means more heat, more drive load and more wear on the extruder and the screen body. The filtration concept has to sit inside the pressure budget the extruder can sustain, which is why finer filtration usually forces a larger machine rather than simply a different filter.

The main concepts

Hydraulic plate screen changer. A plate carrying one or two screens is moved hydraulically so that a clean screen takes over from a loaded one. It is robust, simple and widely used. Its limitation is that the change is interrupted — flow stops briefly, and the interruption is visible in the output as a pressure and temperature event.

Continuous screen changer. The screen is advanced continuously or in small steps, so melt flow is never fully stopped. It suits lines where output consistency matters and where the operator cannot be present at every screen change. Initial cost is higher and the mechanism is more complex.

Laser or finer filtration. Where the requirement is very fine filtration, a laser-drilled or similarly fine screen is used. This reaches contamination levels that woven screens cannot, at the cost of higher pressure and more frequent changes. It is applied where the end product demands it, not as a general upgrade.

Backflush filtration. Some concepts reverse flow to clean the screen in place, which extends the interval between manual changes. It is a way of managing high contamination without stopping, and it is selected against the specific contaminant.

One stage or two

Two-stage filtration means the melt passes through filtration twice — typically a coarser screen first and a finer one second. It is used when:

• Contamination is high enough that a single fine screen would blind almost immediately.
• The required output cleanliness cannot be reached in one pass without excessive pressure.
• The material carries both coarse and fine contamination that are better removed separately.

Two-stage filtration costs more, takes more space and consumes more energy. It earns its place where a single stage cannot meet the specification — which is a material and end-product question, not a preference.

Selection checklist

1. What is the contaminant? Fibre, sand, gel and metal each behave differently in a screen.
2. How much of it? This sets the screen change frequency more than the screen size does.
3. What cleanliness does the end product require? Fibre spinning, film blowing and injection

moulding have very different tolerances.

1. Какое давление может выдержать экструдер? Это может потребовать изменения размера машины.
2. Какое время простоя является приемлемым? Обычно это определяет выбор между прерывистым и

непрерывным процессом.

1. Кто меняет сетку и как часто? С операционной точки зрения концепция, требующая внимания каждый

час, отличается от той, которая требует его раз в смену.

По теме: Технологические знания · Одностадийная и двухстадийная грануляция · Системы грануляции пластика